Happy Christmas everyone!!! Though I am so sorry to hear about your weather.
Now:
Gardens take a long time to make. And most people’s garden are probably inherited, because we mustn’t deliberately kill a live plant, however much we loathe it, must we??? Unless, of course, it’s a carrot.
Is this sufficient explanation for the fact that our gardens seem to be resolutely old fashioned?
I was part of a garden lover’s discussion recently about garden things. Gnomes crept in. There’s a common assumption that gnomes are ironic, but that assumption definitely dates back to the 20th century.

I was very depressed (still am) with this dated image and title wished on me by the publishers. Does anyone even know what a deckchair is anymore?!
And most of our garden thoughts seem to inhabit the same era. When Christopher Lloyd popped up with a rogue mention of Sissinghurst in our discussion I realised we were lost in another time.
Which had me wondering why we are always looking over our shoulders when we make our gardens? Why do replicas of Greek and Roman statues, denuded, sadly, of their gaudy colours, appear in new 21st century gardens: as you may remember from my earlier post ?
Though sometimes they do make you giggle:

The poor daft things are almost always naked and must be freezing in the British climate.
Too often they look dreadfully twee:

Garden cliches –
We were not immune from this at all at the Veddw. Perhaps was because most of the gardens we visited were old, (do gardens actually hang around too long?) so I sort of absorbed images and an aesthetic which informed our choices. We couldn’t afford much by way of ornament (that very word has an antiquated feel) so I got into the habit of making our own. But my model was, inevitably, antiquity. This was the kind of thing we were encountering:

With the inevitable rather depressing plant filling…
So I created this, on plywood:

Sorry about the quality of the pic – it was a very long time ago. It looked a bit better than this too!
And when we could buy, we bought in the same mode:

You can see what our cat thought of it…..at least this repro statue had clothes on.
We have been struggling our way out of these banalities and clichés since that time. Those ideas about ornament vanished in a puff of wow when I realised that a garden could be so much more than decorative, with similar thoughts at a similar time to Patterson Webster, as I said in a previous post.
It’s not always easy. We have a random self seeded yew on our terrace, which we couldn’t allow to grow to full size. Topiary was clearly the answer. We asked a visiting expert for some ideas and oh, blimey, were they boring and sooo familiar. (Maybe a bit like Charles’s beloved egg cups?!) We waited, and thought, and looked around and eventually came up with this instead:

A parrot in a yew tree. Which is at least a little unusual.
Part of the hanging on to the past in the UK is definitely nostalgia for a non existent world of our supposed past. People are still asking designers for a ‘cottage garden’, by which they do not mean a miserable patch where parsnips and mangelwurzels grow.
And perhaps we lack enough 21st century models for contemporary gardens? There are some wonderful examples of modern planting (not so much, perhaps, design?), like Piet Oudolf’s High Line in New York. But these tend to be public projects, not readily adapted to the smaller domestic garden. It seemed for a while as if the Conceptual Garden would have us all planting plastic doughnuts and Tim Richardson wrote a book bouncing us all into this exciting future:

But these days Tim seems to be back to writing about gardens of the past and the Conceptual Garden has joined the history of garden design. New perennials are discussed a lot but as Noel Kingsbury says ‘we have the new perennials but where are the perennial gardens?’ Well, plants aren’t gardens.
We may well ask – do gardens actually have a future, or simply a past?
Excellent article as always.
I live in Scotland and from what I see of domestic gardens, there is a three-way tension in influences between trying to recreate one of the great arts and crafts gardens (Crathes Castle being the best example near to where I live), recreating a memory from childhood (the sweat peas Granny used to grow etc) and recreating a holiday from yesteryear (one of the reasons we see so many sad olive trees growing in pots in Aberdeen!).
All these lend themselves to backward glances, and while we get to see new garden designs on the BBC in its coverage of Chelsea and Tatton Park, they all feel quite remote. No more practical, when on a limited budget, than buying clothes based on the catwalk shows of Paris fashion week.
There are excellent gardens in the UK that are a break with tradition (Little Sparta jumps to mind) but by and large I agree that most Brits will look backwards for inspiration.
You’re right about popular derivations. Keeping with your clothes thoughts, it’s a bit as if we are persisting in wearing crinolines…..
I’m disappointed that Shaun cites Little Sparta as his example of a garden in Scotland that breaks the mould. To me it’s a sculpture zoo with the same faults as most plant zoos – it lacks a sense of design. A collection of sculptures or plants doesn’t make a great garden. Why is Broadwoodside not being flagged up more? In the images I’ve seen it seems to score on design and beauty but I’ve not seen the reality.
Hello Charles, I must admit I know very little of Broodwoodside but from looking online it does seem closer to what one would normally regard as “a garden” than Little Sparta. I realise Little Sparta isn’t everyone’s cup of tea, and I am a fan (although there will be no recreation in my small urban garden!), but if it can spark good natured debate between two people about what constitutes a garden, then as an art form it is probably doing something right!
Hiya. I didn’t dislike Little Sparta when I went. I had permission to photograph it and met IHF (very briefly though his half-opened front door). And photographically it was amazing – but only by carefully choosing individual pieces to include in an image so editing out the thing right next to it. Which feels dishonest but all garden photography does this (images intended for publication that is). Happy Christmas!
I understand why it happens. If one isn’t massively interested in gardening then I can understand the thought pattern “I want something nice, what was the last thing I saw that was nice? I know!….insert memory here” . But if people are genuinely interested in garden making, then they should at least try to make conscious decisions on what goes into the garden.
Full disclosure….I have a sad looking olive tree in the garden. It was a present, and like many I live in a world of compromises!
A sad plant is a constant reproach. But I was making what I would have said were conscious decisions and it took me a long time to begin to shed the stereotypes. Aren’t we basically profoundly influenced by a kind of notion that ‘this is what gardens are supposed to look like’ ?
Apologies, when speaking of “people” in my earlier post I was referring to my neighbours shopping at supermarkets for plants rather than your good self!
I absolutely agree with your point on what a garden is “supposed to look like”. Where I live, I don’t think it is too much of a stretch to say that Crathes sets the standard (think Scottish Sissinghurst and you are on the right track). Although how relative a walled garden based around a 16th century tower castle can be to someone like myself who lives in a new build is a point for debate!
Merry Christmas Anne.
I think I was a bit peopleish (by your definition) originally. The incongruity of our models ought to make a Rant all on its own!
And a very Merry Christmas to you too.
As a completely amateur gardener and non-designer, I am intrigued by this question. When I look up “modern garden design”, what appears are images of gardens with lots of style but not much variety. Many seem dominated by hardscaping and outdoor furniture, not plants. The plants and monochrome green color schemes, to a lay person like me, are mostly boring though I can appreciate their aesthetic and their own beauty. Even those “look back” to 20th century design ideas. These gardens also look as if they would take a huge amount of work to maintain in their pristine minimalism, and it would be boring work like constant weeding and trimming. I like gardening because I like plants and I like to mess around with plants. I enjoy the variety of their colors, shapes, scents, and growth habits. I learn constantly from the unexpected (to me) things plants do.
Here in the American South, there is another school of nostalgic garden design reminiscent of Southern folk art, full of cast-off items that have been repurposed. Definitely not boring, and very colorful, but also backward-looking. The wonderful yew tree with parrot would fit right in although it’s neither cast-off nor old-fashioned; it looks like a Southern “bottle tree.” I enjoyed your mention of the High Line. Some gardens I’ve seen pictured that I think are very contemporary are in arid areas like the American Southwest and California, using many drought-tolerant native plants with interesting shapes, placed in more naturalistic settings. I’ll have to think more about what constitutes a good 21st century garden, thanks for asking the question!
I think you hint at one of the things which keeps us back – the predominant interest in plants. But people do need to think about how to ‘arrange’ them. And the pull of the past doesn’t keep us focusing only on growing plants available in the Middle Ages. Or is that part of the pull of ‘native’ plants in your neck of the woods?
I think repurposed things are popular here too, though it sounds as if the American South may be developing its own unique style from them?
The movement toward native plants among American gardeners is, I think, largely out of concern for environment, habitat, and pollinators, and the preservation of native species (which also tend to thrive more easily than the perennials pictured in the beloved British gardening books we all have, lol). The late Messrs. Oehme and van Sweden were and are highly influential. BTW, is it true that the British Isles are losing unique wildflower species? I read that somewhere and it seems very sad. Yes, the American South does seem to have its own style of using “stuff” in gardens (I’ve lived here for 30 years and I still don’t think of myself as a “Southerner”, much as I enjoy them). A terrific photographer of flowers and gardens who blogs on WordPress, Susan Rushton, sometimes has wonderful photos of the style, as she divides her time between England and Mississippi: https://susanrushton.net/2019/01/23/bird-house-refurbishment-and-a-hauntingly-lovely-journey/#more-10160
Thanks for the link – the birdhouses are great fun – but I notice that ‘beautiful’ is subsequent, in the landscape… The relation between those two things (fun and beautiful) is interesting too.
Happily, I think our wildflowers – a somewhat sparse commodity since the Ice Age – are being taken increasingly seriously and I have hopes for them.
Fortunately in a way, their being so sparse means we are not expected to exclusively garden with them. One less source of division and controversy to live with, for which we must be grateful.
Interesting that you say native plants thrive more easily in the USA – too many gardeners name that thuggish and dislike such characteristics. Life isn’t simple, is it!?
We repurpose things in the Mid-Atlantic too, Old Herbaceous. I have several pieces of broken pottery from a potter I used to know, and I half-sink them in the ground (and set broken glazed-pottery pots and such that have more than 180 degrees of arc remaining, into a stone wall.) Our crowning glory/folly is a pair of old church doors. We hung them, under shelter, across a path that really needed nothing along it, just because they took our fancy. See https://www.danielweil.com/Our-Place/Our-Garden-2022/Our-Garden-Late-August-2022/i-z2Rvqjc — this was taken when I’d been off my feet most of the summer, and Dan is NOT a gardener or weeder… but for the age of the place, this was reasonable.
I just got a couple of Victorian cast iron urns from people who were downsizing… they are going to make the area nearer the house a lot more formal overall, but my planting is informal.
Well, I guess my garden design is backward looking. We are 2nd owners of a house built in 1922 and the first owner was a gardener.i had stuff to build on (not much, as she had aged out of high maintenance plants). The soil was fantastic, a neighbor told me she always buried her kitchen scraps in her beds.
I started collecting landscape and gardening books published 1900-1920’s, a period heavy into the English perennial garden and garden rooms. I wanted the garden to match the house style. So here I am, living in the past.
That definitely sounds like a considered choice, which I was failing at originally. I knew our peculiar house dictated nothing, but for years I experienced that freedom indoors rather than out.
What a great question at the end – do gardens have a future or only a past. Why is it that there are so very few gardens (that can be visited without appointment) that excite and point the way to the future. I’m far too modest to think we qualify at Veddw, but Patterson Webster in Canada and Sheppard Craige in Italy do. These are huge projects; I’d like to see some examples of an acre or less. Any suggestions?
Another sixpenneth from me. Love seeing the old pics of what we have placed in the garden – especially Pushkin sitting on your trompe l’oeil urn (not your best piece). I do actually feel slightly embarrassed by us populating our vistas with garden centre repros of The Four Seasons. But hey we’ve been at this 35 years so really I should feel pleased that we’ve moved on. I like the fact that I repurposed your parrot which we had removed to the garage years ago to my Yew Inspired By Monkey Puzzle. I wonder what else we have added that will feel very dated in 10 years time? Or indeed what of our design will feel stale? If someone suggests that we need to somehow embrace or reflect Climate Change in future they’ll get a blunt response. So I’ve no idea what the future holds for us but I suspect all terrain mobility vehicles may need to be involved.
You think we could incorporate terrain mobility vehicles into the design?
We were both older when I started this small suburban garden.
Our paver paths were made 5 feet wide (1.5 meters) with the specific intention of making them wheelchair friendly.
I was fortunate to have already read a beautiful article about growing older and moving on towards more shrubs and evergreen ground covers to reduce maintenance and weeding. Large containers (in similar colors and patterns) bring the smaller plants closer to view and requires less bending (or climbing back up from the ground. lol, the large containers can help with that too.)
As for gardens, I enjoy the local spring walking tours of homes as much as our membership with Norfolk Botanical Garden. Meeting people and exploring what they chose and why they like it is as much fun as walking through the absolutely beautiful gardens in the Norfolk Botanical Garden.
Limiting a plant pallet to 6 well chosen plants is a perfect way to compliment and accent a home. Very neat and clean and frankly superb.
A lot of examples of it in our area.
But it’s not the garden i want.
I prefer adding in the other 100 types of plants that i enjoy living with.
Plant zoos are nice. Sort of the point of being outdoors with things you like and turning the earth to grow them.
The over arching principle you seek seems to require acreage.
I hope it doesn’t also require a desire to skip enjoying wandering amongst the trees and only look at the forest from a distance.
Thank you for another thought provoking article!
Merry Christmas!
We have acerage and intend to stay in it (along with the woods, where we can indeed wander amongst trees). Thing is, it’s very hilly acerage.
You sound very sane and sensible. We will probably need quad bikes…..
They do make smaller quads that would probably be perfect for your property.
You must send pictures of you and Charles enjoying them!
When we get there we definitely will! (But should have made out paths wider…..)
6 plants. Holy hell. I’d die of boredom within minutes. Great discussion. – MW
It’s always been fruitful to have some gardeners – those with the time, ideas, and resources – who do what hasn’t been done before. But I don’t see any reason to frown on those doing what has been done before. Novelty doesn’t of itself make a garden better than a garden that draws on the past.
Like any art, there are those who will enjoy the new simply because it is new, those who will discern the good from the less good among the new, and those who will continue to prefer an older aesthetic.
Even considering gardening primarily from an aesthetic standpoint is a privilege. Personally, I love an earlier iteration of cottage garden – themed not so much around Romantic Billows of Flowers as around Nutritious Food I Can Afford, though I still aim to create a space that is pleasant to look upon as well as productive. Has it been done before? Yes. Do I care? No.
I suppose I do find it odd (rather than bad). A bit as if we were only reading books or watching plays from the 1950s. I think (can’t be sure because you’d have to see inside an awful lot of houses) that interior decoration changes much more and perhaps with more thought and variety about style. So I still wonder why.
Hi… not to imply that you British don’t know Kipling, but isn’t this appropriate here?
https://www.poetryloverspage.com/poets/kipling/king.html
A lot of gardening is nostalgia, but also, there are great plants that have survived two thousand years and more in gardens, because they are great performers. Including any of them begs further looking “into the past:”. I live in a house built in the 1840’s, which in the US is old (you over there can laugh) but it does somewhat format what my garden looks like… and believe it or not, I started from scratch. Seven trees and nine shrubs on an acre plus… the rest was grass. I have filled/will continue to fill the beds with both ancient and new things, but draw the line at “what does not go with an 1840’s brick farmhouse”. Case in point, I will NOT have bananas, thankyouverymuch. Despite having Hedychiums, for an example, and crinums (not hardy here when the house was new)… you get the idea. Unless you have enough ground that the house is invisible from part of it, or an ugly enough house that won’t go with anything, there’s a lot to be said for consistency with the building.
Full disclosure here, I belong to an organization (the Society for Creative Anachronism) that teaches about the Middle Ages by actually doing the medieval arts and crafts, so I am perhaps more prone than most to the “period consistency” idea.
Such an interest and preoccupation suggests you should upsticks straight away and come to the UK, where you could probably find a truly medieval house and create a medieval garden. Which would be wonderful and quite a different thing. (Do you long to?)
I accept that a harmony of house and garden is desirable – hence my own pleasure in having no such constraint. But you have made me realise that that incongruity works the other way round, with so many having contemporary houses and 20th century gardens.
Hello Anne! My 2 cents. We romanticize gardens and use plants and objects to try and achieve that ideal because it is familiar and comforting. The New Perennialists ‘paint’ with plants even if the ecology of a site dictates certain aspects of it. Planting design is not garden or landscape design. It is a smaller subset but it also the place most people start from. All too often everything that surrounds a garden is ignored in the pursuit of what our collective visual memory and imagination (or lack there of) tell us are the essentials to include. The future is much more difficult to envision and even more difficult to realize.
I really don’t expect the majority of gardeners to create a garden of the future (hardly possible?). But are people the same with their interiors – decorating like granny did? If not, why the garden?
And great to say hi here!
We couldn’t afford even the cheapest garden ornaments when we started gardening here 25 years ago. In thrall to Rosemary Verey and Lady Salisbury back then, I would have been thrilled with a statue of “Autumn” at the end of the double border. In fact, I was truly delighted a few years later when I received an armillary sphere one Christmas (Lady Salisbury would have approved of the thought, if not the object in question). I suppose a modest budget spared us any major embarrassment, as is so often the case. Helen Dillon writes very humorously in “Helen Dillon’s Garden,” about the huge cast iron Victorian fountain she erected in her garden and how she gradually grew to despise it.
It’s true that limited funds limit subsequent embarrassment!
Happy Christmas, Anne. Great discussion. The gardens of the future may well still boast a storied past, but the best of them will manage to keep surprising us 50 years from now. Your topiary and steps to nowhere, the newish Delos garden at Sissinghurst, the bananas at Dixter–all bold unexpected moves, but somehow they fit and they raise a garden out from the pack of grannies. Even Crathes has a contemporary water feature that I never expected, happy plants, beautiful textures and color combinations that were invigorating. I think a lot of exciting things are happening in your public spaces now-Sheffield/the Tower Super Bloom, etc. I can’t wait to come back again and see what is new, even in the old places.
Perhaps public spaces stimulate and excite and will change our domestic gardens too?
Learned a new word: “twee”. Thank you and Merry Christmas!
And a very happy Christmas and New Year to everyone and I do hope all American readers survive the storm!
And twee is a very useful word.
Hence my use of tropicals fusing with temperates in a winter climate that laughs at the prospect. Muscular, unexpected accents tempered by softer elements. My use of ornamentation has certainly evolved too — and I’m right there with your thought “We have been struggling our way out of these banalities and clichés since that time.” I understand that some of us (me) can be ‘held back by the plants,’ and I must constantly re-examine what I am doing and edit the hell out of it. Great post Anne, and great discussion, even though I am late to it. – MW
Thanks, Marianne – you have a good excuse to have been absent! We must keep up that struggle and search out all other adventurers. Have a happy and well fuelled new year… (no more storm!)
I truly enjoyed your rant.